functional programming in scala

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Paradigm: In science, a paradigm describes distinct concepts or thought patterns in some scientific discipline

Main programming paradigms:

• imperative programming
• functional programming
• logical programming

Orthogonal to it:

• object-oriented programming

Imperative programming is about

• modifying mutable variables
• using assignments
• and control structures such as if-then-else, loops, break, continue, return

The most common informal way to understand imperative programs is as instruction sequences for a Von Neumann computer.

There is a strong correspondence between

Mutable variables $\approx$ memory cells Variable deferences $\approx$ load instructions Variable assignments $\approx$ store instructions Control structures $\approx$ jumps

Problem: Scaling up. How can we avoid conceptualizing programs word by word?

In the end, pure imperative programming is limited by the "Von Neumann" bottleneck:

One tends to conceptualize data structures word-by-word.

We need other techniques for. defining high-level abstractions such as collections, polynomials, geometric shapes, strings, documents.

Ideally: Develop theories of collections, shapes, strings,...